Cost Control, cost management , Monitoring and Accounting

Cost Control, cost management , Monitoring and Accounting Rule 4(3) of the cost accounting records rules denotes that the cost accounting records should be maintained with proper accounting so that timely checking of the cost us possible Generally Accepted Cost Accounting Principles (GACAP)and Cost Accounting Standards (CAS) issued some guide lines . The cost accounting records are different to different types of products and firm .AS per Cost Accounting Record Rules (CARR) issued by The Institute of Cost Accountants of India . 1. Production • Raw Material consumption register/report • Production report • Rejections/wastages/scrap report • Report on stoppage of machines with reasons • Idle time report with reasons • Machine utilization report • By-Product & Joint Products. 2. Work-in-Progress and Finished Goods • Process stock register- cost centre-wise and product wise • Finished goods stock register- product-wise. • Daily Stock Accounts (DSA) maintained under Central Excise Law 3 Raw Materials and Stores Accounting • Goods received register • Bin cards • Materials/stores ledgers • Packing Materials 4. Employee Cost Attendance registers/ sheets Wages/salary sheets Leave and gratuity payments. 5. Repairs and Maintenance • Works order register / card showing material and spares consumed and labour utilized • Procedure followed for routine maintenance • Details major breakdowns & Repairs • Details of Abnormal Repairs & Reconditioning activities. • Utilities (Water, Steam, Power, DM Water, Air, Effluent Treatment etc.) 6.1 Records of input and output • Record of cost centre-wise allocation of outputs. 7. Overheads • Details such as production hours, labour hours, machine hours to facilitate distribution of overheads • Overheads Keys. 8. Cost Accounts • Overheads analysis register

poverty Eradication and sustainable Development Goal

For more than thirty years now, issues arising from unequal distribution of wealth throughout the world have raised questions on the objective of continued growth. The concept of “sustainable development” which was planning to bring together social , economic, and ecological growth was first introduced in (IUCN, 1980). Today, this concept is the source of strongly wandering explanations in the field of economic analysis. Godard, 1994, Zaccai, 2002 placed on, the idea that issues concerning sustainable development revolve around the concept of “sustainability” as much as they do around the concept of “development.”  To provide an idea of the subject, the concepts were grouped into three bodies of work, the first, describing the argument of view presented by the prevailing economic theory, was the base of sustainable growth as a necessary and appropriate condition for sustainable development;  second, based on the ecologist notion of limits to growth, endeavors to establish the socio-environmental restrictions surrounded by economic development must take place: third, addressing  issues informed by the Third World experience, focuses on social inequalities and questions  meaning of  concept of growth. An economist prepares policy on poverty eradication programmes to minimize social inequalities. The Millennium Development Goal (MDG) goal number one is end poverty in all its forms everywhere. Target of halving extreme poverty by the end of 2015 has been met, as the percentage of people living on less than USD 1.25 (purchasing power parity) per day (the extreme poverty line for 2005) in developing sections fell by more than half from 1990 to 2010. In 1995 United Nations (UN) defined Extreme poverty as "a condition characterized by severe deprivation of basic human needs, comprising of food, safe drinking water, sanitation facilities, health, shelter, education and information. With government effort global poverty rates have been reduced by more than half since 2000, one person in ten people in emergent economy are still in deprivation and living with their families on less than the international poverty line of US$1.90 a day, and there are more than millions who make little more than this daily amount as specified as standards. If we talk about the Major advancement, it is found movement has been made in many countries within Eastern and Southeastern Asia, but if we talk about population in Sub-Saharan Africa it continues up to 42% still are living below the poverty line.Sadest part is Poverty is more than the lack of income and resources to ensure a sustainable livelihood of the people and that is due to lack of knowledge. Its indicators include hunger and malnutrition, limited access to resources, education and other basic amenities, social acumen and exclusion as well as the lack of participatory approach in decision-making. Economic growth must be address inclusive growth to provide sustainable jobs and promote equality and responsible for around development. Social protection systems need to be implemented which is required helping the suffering of disaster-prone countries and providing support as preventive measure to face of great economic risks. These systems will help strengthen responses by afflicted populations to unexpected economic losses during disasters and will eventually help to end extreme poverty in the most impoverished areas. Due to worldwide needs eradicating poverty continues to be a major challenge and thus it was consider as a central goal of the post-2015 development agenda. An estimated 1.2 billion people in developing countries still deprived of basic necessities and live in extreme poverty. Without addressing issues of poverty, malnutrition and hunger no country can develop its economy or humanresource.so looking into the importance of it the agenda 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development focus on end of poverty in all respect.